Literary dream · Death & the departed
Two Alexanders in battle, crowned with corn
Cappadocia, Anatolia · 321 BCE
he thought he saw two Alexanders ready to engage, each commanding his several phalanx, the one assisted by Minerva, the other by Ceres; and that after a hot dispute, he on whose side Minerva was, was beaten, and Ceres, gathering ears of corn, wove them into a crown for the victor.
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- Source
- Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans (Dryden trans., rev. Clough) — Plutarch; trans. John Dryden et al., rev. A. H. Clough, c. 100 / 1859 (revision). Life of Eumenes
- Record type
- Literary dream
- Place
- Cappadocia, Anatolia · Ancient Greek
- Date
- 321 BCE
- Uncertainty
- High — From Plutarch’s Lives (Dryden translation, revised by Clough); a reported dream.
- Imagery
- War · Ruler · Crowd · Food
- Feelings
- Awe
How traditions have read this kind of dream
Psychological
Dreams of the dead returning are widely reported after bereavement. Ellis noted how such dreams often move, over years, from disbelief to quiet acceptance; many people describe them as comforting rather than frightening.
Ellis (1911), ch. VIII
Mythological
In Homer, dreams pass through gates of horn and ivory; across many cultures the dead were believed to visit the living in sleep, and dreams were a place where the two could meet.
Odyssey XIX
Chinese traditions
Chinese poets wrote dreams of the departed as acts of remembrance: Su Shi’s “Ten years, living and dead” and Du Fu’s “My old friend entered my dream” are read to this day as elegies.
Su Shi (1075); Du Fu (759)
These are cultural lenses, not a diagnosis.
Dreams that share its images
- A lying dream in the likeness of Nestor Troy (setting) · c. 8th century BCE
- Riding the sky to the Southern Peak Yangzhou, China · c. 840
- An olive wreath that covered the earth Susa, Persia · 481 BCE (as told)
- Ask what I shall give thee Gibeon · undated narrative
- Carving the guardian out of the wood Tokyo, Japan · 1908
- Riding with Achilles Vienna, Austria · c. 1900