Dreams about partner: Jung, traditions and semiotics
This is not a dream dictionary. Each perspective below names where it comes from; traditions are shown side by side, not merged into one meaning.
Start with yourself
Was it your partner now, someone from the past, or someone you have never met? Was the distance between you the same as when you are awake?
Jung · Anima and animus — after the real person
Jung would first read a dreamed partner as your actual partner and relationship. Only then might the figure carry what he called the anima or animus — an inner image of the other — a framing that reflects his era’s ideas about gender.
Was the partner in the dream more like the real person, or more like someone you wish for?
C. G. Jung, “The Relations between the Ego and the Unconscious, “Anima and Animus””, Collected Works 7
Traditions, side by side
Homeric epic Classical text
After twenty years apart, Penelope tells how a likeness of Odysseus lay beside her that night, “such as he was when he went with the host”, and how she took it for real.
Homer, Odyssey XX
Han-dynasty poetry Literature
In one of the Nineteen Old Poems, a wife sleeping alone through the long nights dreams she sees her husband’s face, and he comes for her in a carriage — then is gone.
Nineteen Old Poems, “Cold, cold, the year draws to its end”
Semiotics: how an image comes to mean
Following C. S. Peirce, an image can work as a sign in three ways:
- Icon — by resemblance
Does the partner look like one you have actually seen? Could it simply be a copy of a memory? - Index — by connection
Could the partner point to an actual cause — a bodily sensation, a sound in the room, something that happened that day? - Symbol — by convention
Does the partner mean what it means by convention — an idiom, a saying, a family phrase? Would it still mean that in another language or culture?
C. S. Peirce, Collected Papers 2.247–249 (icon, index, symbol)
C. G. Jung, Psychological Types (1921), “Definitions: Symbol” — a sign stands for something known, a symbol for something not yet fully known
Ellis (1911), ch. II, on verbal links between dream images
Exploration notes, not a diagnosis, a prediction, or evidence of real events.
Recorded dreams with partner
- The eagle and the twenty geese Ithaca, ancient Greece · c. 8th century BCE
- My sister came through the keyhole Ithaca (setting) · c. 8th century BCE
- Thou art but a dead man Gerar, Canaan · undated narrative
- Fear not to take unto thee Mary Nazareth, Galilee · c. 1st century (narrative)
- Morpheus wears the drowned husband’s face Trachis, Thessaly (myth) · c. 8 CE (poem)
- I have suffered many things this day in a dream Jerusalem · c. 30 (narrative)
- The rudder was forced from him Rome, Italy · c. 59–68 CE
- Pulled from her bed on her wedding night Greece (story setting) · c. 170 CE (novel)
- My late husband came back to mend the house Pengcheng (Xuzhou), China · 5th century
- She came to say a final goodbye Mizhou (Zhucheng), China · c. 710
- Cooking rice in a stone mortar Jianghuai region, China · c. 800 (Tang)
- My wife wrote me a poem in the dream Chengcheng, Shaanxi, China · c. 880
- The window with cypress and mallows Mount Tiantai, Zhejiang, China · c. 900
- The husband she met only in a dream Śoṇitapura (legend) · c. 1070 (compiled)
- Two red lotuses that would fade Tāmralipti, Bengal · c. 1070 (compiled)
- Two heavenly fruits for two queens Irāvatī (story city) · c. 1070 (compiled)
- Dreaming of my late wife at her window Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong), China · 20th day of the 1st lunar month, 1075
- My lady came and found me dead Mantua (setting) · c. 1595 (play)
- I dreamt there was an Emperor Antony Alexandria (setting) · c. 1607 (play)
- My mother lacked a pair of gloves London, England · 29 June 1667
- Go back, your time has not yet come Great Lakes region · traditional (recorded c. 1820s–1850s)
- Wait for me a hundred years Tokyo, Japan · 1908
- A fire in a hotel in a strange city Zurich, Switzerland · c. 1913