Dreams about the dead: Jung, traditions and semiotics
This is not a dream dictionary. Each perspective below names where it comes from; traditions are shown side by side, not merged into one meaning.
Also covers: Coffin, Grave
Start with yourself
Who was it, and did they seem to know they had died? Was there something you were able to say, or not able to?
Jung · Objective level first
Jung’s memoir records his own dreams of his late father and treats them with seriousness rather than symbol-hunting: a dream of someone who has died is first about that person and that bond.
What would you want to tell them if the dream continued?
C. G. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (1962)
Traditions, side by side
Early dream research Dream research
Ellis devoted a chapter to dreams of the dead, noting how often the dead appear as if alive and how such dreams can bring comfort.
Havelock Ellis, The World of Dreams (1911), ch. VIII
Homeric epic Classical text
Achilles dreams of the dead Patroclus, who asks to be buried; Achilles reaches out to embrace him and grasps nothing.
Homer, Iliad XXIII
Chinese poetry Literature
Su Shi wrote his elegy “Ten years, living and dead” after dreaming of his late wife at her window — a dream written as remembrance.
Su Shi, “Jiangchengzi” (1075)
Semiotics: how an image comes to mean
Following C. S. Peirce, an image can work as a sign in three ways:
- Icon — by resemblance
Does the the dead look like one you have actually seen? Could it simply be a copy of a memory? - Index — by connection
Could the the dead point to an actual cause — a bodily sensation, a sound in the room, something that happened that day? - Symbol — by convention
Does the the dead mean what it means by convention — an idiom, a saying, a family phrase? Would it still mean that in another language or culture?
C. S. Peirce, Collected Papers 2.247–249 (icon, index, symbol)
C. G. Jung, Psychological Types (1921), “Definitions: Symbol” — a sign stands for something known, a symbol for something not yet fully known
Ellis (1911), ch. II, on verbal links between dream images
Exploration notes, not a diagnosis, a prediction, or evidence of real events.
Recorded dreams with the dead
- Unearth the Great Sphinx Giza, Egypt · c. 1401 BCE
- You sleep, Achilles, and have forgotten me Troy (setting) · c. 8th century BCE
- His daughter took away his armour Ithome, Messenia · c. 724 BCE (as told)
- The great ghost broke down the gate Jin (Shanxi), China · 581 BCE
- As in a mirror, as in a dream Ancient India · c. 5th c. BCE (text)
- The one goddess he never sang Thebes, Greece · c. 438 BCE
- Honour the new Siren Attica, Greece · 406 BCE
- The dark woman who led the sleepers away Kurukshetra (setting) · c. 4th c. BCE–4th c. CE (epic)
- The soul roves over wide areas India · c. 4th c. BCE–4th c. CE (epic)
- His dead mother came to life again Euesperides (Benghazi), Libya · 372 BCE
- An old woman in a brass coffin Ithome, Messenia · 369 BCE
- Like the bronze skeleton at Delphi Delphi, Phocis · 351 BCE
- The skull that spoke in a dream On the road to Chu, China · c. 3rd century BCE
- Hector’s ghost before my sight Troy (setting) · 19 BCE (poem)
- Morpheus wears the drowned husband’s face Trachis, Thessaly (myth) · c. 8 CE (poem)
- The dead emperor came back in anger Luoyang, China · c. 180
- A thorn in her eye Chenliu (Kaifeng), China · 4th century
- Move me to high, dry ground Dantu (Zhenjiang), China · late 4th century
- Fallen from the bed, eaten by worms Jinyang (Taiyuan), China · 617 (as told)
- The false dream of one’s own death India · c. 6th–10th c. (text)
- A masked man asked for his bone back Huangkeng, China · c. 795
- Hari on Garuda warns of a trap Pāṭaliputra (Patna) · c. 1070 (compiled)
- Dreaming of my late wife at her window Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong), China · 20th day of the 1st lunar month, 1075
- What pain it was to drown London, England · c. 1593 (play)
- My lady came and found me dead Mantua (setting) · c. 1595 (play)
- A statue running with blood Rome (setting) · 1599 (play); set 44 BCE
- She dreamt of her uncle and foretold her death London, England · January 1664 (as told to Pepys)
- The pale student of unhallowed arts Near Geneva, Switzerland · June 1816
- Buried a thousand years in stone Grasmere, England · c. 1817–1819
- Easter morning, cattle on the graves Grasmere, England · c. 1819
- The guillotine fell France · c. 1850
- Who is dead in the White House? Washington, D.C., USA · early April 1865 (as reported)
- Fasting children who would dream the future Nemaha Agency, Nebraska · traditional (recorded c. 1880)
- When the dead return in dreams, the wailing begins again Lower Columbia River, Pacific Northwest · traditional (recorded c. 1880)
- Where she last saw him Vienna, Austria · c. 1900
- Father, don’t you see that I am burning? Central Europe · before 1900
- About to be nailed down England · before 1911
- She was not really dead England · before 1911
- My dead brother with bleeding fingers England · before 1911
- Cut in two down the middle United States · before 1911
- Wait for me a hundred years Tokyo, Japan · 1908